Five practical paths of EOD model in ecological environment field

introduction

The relevant suggestions of EOD mode practice path include screening suitable implementation fields, consolidating the foundation of realizing the value of ecological products, opening up the "two mountains" two-way transformation channel, innovating multi-participation investment and financing mode, and developing diversified industries to achieve self-hematopoietic function

1. Selection of suitable implementation areas

The practice of EOD mode should be based on regional ecological environment resource endowment and characteristic industry foundation analysis, etc. At the initial stage of project planning, the objectives and requirements of ecological environment construction planning and industrial development planning should be grasped, and appropriate blocks and fields should be selected for implementation. It is necessary to make an overall analysis of the main contradictions in regional ecological governance, analyze the areas where negative external effects may exist, explore good ecological environment sensitive industries, and combine the key development direction of the regional "14th Five-Year Plan" to make a comprehensive plan to carry out EOD model practice. Not limited to urban development, watershed governance and other fields, to rural revitalization and common prosperity, carbon peak carbon neutrality, biodiversity conservation and restoration, waste free city construction and other fields to expand applications. For example, in the low-carbon field, we can focus on industrial energy-saving transformation, renewable energy development and utilization, and the protection and development of carbon sinks. In the process of regional development, EOD concept should be incorporated from the early stage of planning, and the whole process should be guided. In the process of project planning, opinions of the ecological environment department should be fully solicited, and the feasibility of ecological governance and industrial integration should be considered. Project selection first emphasizes solving the actual ecological governance problems, and at the same time emphasizes the correlation between ecological governance projects and industrial development projects, with clear target indicators, logical lines and supporting projects, avoiding the situation of simply applying EOD concept to package projects, and reducing the financial pressure brought by the bundling of unrelated items on development.

Second, consolidate the foundation for realizing the value of ecological products

The policy guarantee in the initial stage of EOD model is crucial to realize the long-term closed-loop of the value of ecological products. First of all, it is necessary to clarify the definition of the ownership of natural resources, that is, to clarify the cooperation boundary between the government and the enterprise and the ownership of the rights and interests of the relevant outputs within the scope of cooperation. For natural resources suitable for market operation, under the premise of reasonable development, social capital should be allowed to obtain relevant rights and professional management through legal channels, such as energy use rights, water rights, forest rights and carbon emission rights. The "Opinions on Encouraging and Supporting Social Capital Participation in Ecological Protection and Restoration" of The General Office of the State Council (State Office of the People's Republic of China (2021) No. 40) clearly focuses on encouraging and supporting social capital participation in ecological protection and restoration based on government expenditure responsibility, and puts forward supporting policies such as planning control, property rights incentive, resource utilization, fiscal and tax support and financial support. In addition, it is necessary to establish a statistical accounting system for the value of ecological products before and after ecological governance investment. On the basis of learning from the experience of the national ecological product value realization mechanism pilot (pilot zone) in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Qinghai, Fujian and Hainan provinces, we will further explore the establishment of scientific and reasonable ecological product value accounting and evaluation methods, and calculate the total ecosystem product value (GEP) in the process of promoting the value realization of ecological products by using EOD mode in a specific region. We can also learn from the relevant research carried out by Zou Yifei et al in Shenzhen to calculate the increment of regional economic-ecological gross product (GEEP). The requirements of establishing investigation, monitoring and value evaluation mechanisms of ecological products in the Opinions on Establishing and Improving the Value Realization Mechanism of Ecological products issued by the Central Office and the State Office shall be implemented simultaneously.

Third, open up the "two mountains" two-way transformation channel

EOD model is an effective way to realize the transformation of "two mountains". It is necessary to learn from the practice exploration and typical experience of "Two Mountains" practice innovation base, and understand the guiding significance of different types of "two mountains" transformation model to EOD practice. The transformation model of "brand leading" and "two mountains" proposed by Zhang Huiyuan can use the EOD model of "ecological protection + ecological agriculture" to improve the quality and efficiency of ecological brands. The "composite business mode" and "two mountains" transformation mode can realize the diversified integrated development of ecological industry with the EOD mode of "ecological protection + diversified business mode"; The transformation mode of "mountain song and water classics" and "two mountains" can use the EOD mode of "ecological restoration + ecological cultural tourism" to realize the synchronization of protection and development of the source area. At the same time, the early planning should fully consider the industry's feeding mechanism for ecological governance, and strive to achieve the transformation of "Jinshan and Yinshan" to "green water and green mountains". Not only does the whole process of integration be implemented, but especially pays attention to the consistency of the main body in the construction and operation stages, so as to lay a good foundation for opening up the channel of capital investment - income - feedback. In the process of promoting two-way transformation, the government and the market grasp both hands to achieve sustainable means to feed back. Market entities should make overall accounting in the feasibility assessment of projects, not only pay attention to the profitability of industrial development projects, but also consider the external economy of ecological environmental quality improvement, and incorporate the asset premium brought by ecological improvement into the accounting and unimpeded channels for feedback. In order to promote the transformation of ecological value into economic value, the government should build a market trading platform on the premise of ensuring the public welfare of the project and ensuring the standardization of operation, and promote the circulation of project rights and interests through transfer, investment and lease, so as to maximize the vitality and use of the value of existing ecological assets. When the income supplement ecological governance investment gap is too large, ecological compensation mechanism can be introduced, and green credit support from financial institutions can be sought.

Fourth, innovate multi-participation investment and financing models

In the exploration stage of EOD mode, standardized institutional provisions have not yet been formed for the subject selection and investment and financing mode of "integration" implementation, and further practice is needed at the operational level. Encourage the cooperation between the government and social capital, by professional people to do professional things, such as PPP model, ABO (authorization - construction - operation) or EPC+O (design - procurement - construction - operation and maintenance) model. Among all the investment and financing modes applied to regional comprehensive development, the relevant regulation of PPP mode is more systematic. In the practice of EOD mode, if a single project is operated in PPP mode, it must be operated in strict accordance with the relevant document requirements. Individual projects implemented in ABO mode need public authorization from the government, should have a clear source of funds (do not use the direct proceeds of land transfer as a source of funds, avoid increasing the government's hidden debt), meet the requirements of capital balance, and at the same time should reasonably set performance evaluation indicators. In practice, the operation mode of EPC+O can also be adopted, which is widely used in industries with strong operational attributes. In particular, flexible application should be combined with the characteristics of specific projects included in the EOD model of total dishes. In addition, attention can be paid to the pilot work of the development of rural collective land into the market. On the premise of meeting the basic requirements, EOD project development entities can build and operate collective rental housing or shared holiday courtyards through joint venture, investment, etc., to mobilize the enthusiasm of ordinary people to participate in EOD development, and also contribute to rural revitalization and common prosperity.

Fifth, the development of diversified industries to achieve self-hematopoietic function

It is necessary to take the collaborative promotion of ecological protection and characteristic industrial system as the core, and focus on achieving the project's own hematopoietic function and multiple participation, promote the implementation of the project, and help the regional green and sustainable development. Under the dual guidance of the government's industrial access and incentive policies, it focuses on creating a number of high-tech industrial platforms, nesting and attracting phoenix, and achieving the overall virtuous cycle of the project and regional high-quality development. The combination of state-owned assets and social capital, market-oriented operation, reduce government risks, improve hematopoietic function, and promote the transformation of state-owned assets platform to state-owned capital operation company. Especially focus on the construction of green low-carbon circular industrial system, such as the construction of new energy equipment manufacturing - green energy utilization - solid waste recycling life cycle industry chain, or the construction of traditional industry retreat - soil remediation and environmental comprehensive management - high-level talents in the field of wisdom and finance gathered in the modern city, Or the formation of smart agriculture - agricultural product processing - agricultural tourism services as an example to form a case of the integration of the development of one, two and three industries. Income sources can cover environmental governance engineering operation and maintenance or franchise income, industrial project operation income and natural resources management income, etc., to achieve long-term operational income protection.

Vi. Conclusions and Prospects

To promote the practice of EOD model in the field of ecological environment, the following points must be paid attention to.

1, to solve the main contradiction in regional ecological environment governance and protection as the primary goal, choose the appropriate field to carry out practice, to supply more ecological products for the market.

2. Consolidate the foundation for realizing the value of ecological products from the perspective of institutional design, improve the statistical accounting system, and encourage social capital to participate in the governance and restoration of the ecological environment.

3. Deepen the practice of "two mountains" and open up the channel of two-way transformation of "two mountains". In practice, not only reflect the premium of ecological products through industrial management, but also form a sustainable feeding mechanism.

4. Encourage the participation of the government, social capital and the general public, practice and innovate investment and financing models, and promote rural revitalization and common prosperity.

5. Build a green, low-carbon and circular industrial system with dual guidance of industrial access and incentive policies.

Under the leadership of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the EOD model practice has been carried out for three consecutive years, and there will be a number of typical cases and successful experiences in the future, but also some contradictory problems will be exposed. Further exploration and research should be carried out in terms of strengthening policy support, regulating investment and financing models, and promoting the value transformation of ecological products, so as to further expand the positive benefits brought by EOD models for ecological environment and economic development.