We will fully implement the principle of "one river, one plan and one map" and "exchange space for time" in key rivers to properly handle water pollution emergencies

Ecological and environmental security is an important part of national security and an important guarantee for sustained and healthy economic and social development. With the continuous development of China's economy and society, sudden water pollution incidents occur frequently, which seriously threaten the ecological environment security. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, many major environmental emergencies in the country were water pollution incidents. Sudden water pollution events have wide influence, large harm degree and high difficulty to deal with, which is the focus and difficulty of environmental emergency work.

In the process of emergency treatment of sudden water pollution incidents, various types of sluices, DAMS and pits in the basin where the incident occurred are used to intercept, collect and store polluted water bodies, form temporary emergency space and carry out pollution disposal, which can gain valuable time for proper response to the incident. Because the relevant information of the basin is not grasped in advance, the temporary "finding space" in the emergency treatment process often delays the aircraft, resulting in the emergency team "running behind the pollution group", and the emergency treatment is trapped in passive, which may cause adverse effects such as the expansion of the pollution scope and the escalation of the incident.

On the basis of summarizing the experience of emergency treatment of the Qi River pollution incident in Nanyang, Henan Province and previous water pollution emergencies, the idea of "space for time" emergency treatment of water pollution emergencies was refined and formed, that is, through the three tasks of "finding space, making plans, and grasping exercises", the information of river environmental emergency space and facilities was mastered in advance. Formulate "one river, one plan and one map" and strengthen drills and inspections to strengthen emergency preparedness for water pollution emergencies in river basins.

"Finding space" refers to the investigation and control of environmental emergency space and facilities that can store polluted water on the river when water pollution events occur and facilitate the implementation of treatment measures such as intercepting, drainage, drug administration and dilution, and the identification of the bottom number of the river by combining the data of environmentally sensitive targets, key environmental risk sources and hydrological systems. Create a river information list (One river). "Plan" refers to the formulation of "one river, one plan and one map" for river water pollution emergencies, that is, according to the environmentally sensitive targets and key environmental risk sources involved in the river, and the specific role of environmental emergency space and facilities is defined for the problems such as how to isolate and intercept polluters and how to control clean water in response to water pollution emergencies. Formulate the environmental emergency response plan for river water pollution emergencies (one policy), construct the incident response command diagram (one figure), and realize the emergency command "wall map operation". "Grasp drill" means to test the operability of "one river, one plan and one map" through phased and layered drills, including whether the actual water storage capacity of environmental emergency space and facilities is accurate, whether sewage can be introduced, and whether personnel, construction materials, equipment and machinery can be guaranteed.

From 2018 to 2020, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has organized pilot projects of "One river, one plan and one map" in key rivers in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area in Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces, as well as in the Sihe River in Shandong Province, the Hachure River in Guangdong Province and the Gongnais River in Xinjiang Province. In 2021, the "Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and The State Council on Deepening the Battle against Pollution Prevention and Control" clearly requires the complete coverage of "one river, one plan and one map" for sudden water pollution incidents in key rivers. In 2021, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the Technical Guide for the Implementation of the "Nanyang Practice" for Environmental Emergency Response for River Basin Water Pollution Emergencies, deployed the country to do a good job in the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, and is expected to complete the "one river, one plan and one map" for 2,515 key rivers, effectively improving the environmental emergency preparedness capacity for river basin water pollution emergencies. As of September 2023, the country has completed 1,509 key rivers, "one river, one plan, one map", forming a number of successful experiences that can be used for reference.

The results of "One river, one plan and one map" have been fully applied in practice. In recent years, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has guided local governments to successfully deal with a number of major and sensitive sudden water pollution incidents, such as the leakage of Luming Mining tailings pond in Yichun, Heilongjiang Province, the thallium pollution incident in the Ganshan-Sichuan border section of Jialing River, the antimony pollution incident in Wulichuan River in Sanmenxia, Henan Province, and the coal coking washing oil spill incident in Hongsheng, Liupanshui, Guizhou Province, minimizing the environmental impact. Firmly uphold the bottom line of water ecological and environmental security.

In 2023, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, on the basis of summarizing the practical experience of "one river, one plan and one map" in sudden water pollution incidents in river basins, will carry out demonstration and pilot work of "one park, one plan and one map" in chemical parks, improve the work paths for emergency prevention and control of sudden water pollution incidents in factory boundaries, park boundaries and surrounding water bodies, and drive the overall improvement of environmental risk prevention and response capabilities in key regions. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will continue to promote the implementation of the work of "one river (park), one plan and one map", form a complementary emergency prevention system of key rivers and chemical parks, further strengthen the environmental security defense line of the basin, and lay a solid ecological foundation for safeguarding the safety bottom line of the construction of a beautiful China.